NBER Reporter 2. 01. Number 3: Research Summary. Price V. Fishback *The Great Recession of the 2.
Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal as a source of ideas for how to deal with our current problems. Over the past 1. 5 years, I have worked with Shawn Kantor and a number of other co- authors to examine the economic consequences of a variety of New Deal spending and loan programs. The Great Depression led to a dramatic change in attitudes toward federal spending and regulation. Between 1. 92. 9 and 1. GDP declined by 2. In response, Herbert Hoover and Republican Congresses nearly doubled federal spending from 3 to 5. GDP and established the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) to lend to local governments for poverty relief and to aid troubled banks and businesses. Meanwhile, real tax revenues declined from 4 to 2. GDP by 1. 93. 2 and the federal budget reached a deficit of 3. GDP. Seeking to balance the budget, Hoover and Congress held spending constant and raised a wide range of taxes in their last year in office. Promising a New Deal to combat the problems of the Great Depression, Franklin Roosevelt and a Democratic majority in Congress were elected in a landslide in 1. Inundated by a broad range of problems, they offered dozens of new programmatic and regulatory fixes. Many new programs involved large increases in funding; real federal outlays increased from 5. GDP in 1. 93. 3 to nearly 1. The deficit fluctuated but the budget never got too much further out of balance because real tax revenues expanded by roughly the same amount. The grant and loan programs covered a wide variety of issues. About half of the grants went to federal funding of poverty relief, largely delivered as work relief with limited work hours and hourly earnings of less than two- thirds of the earnings on traditional government projects. Seventeen percent went to veterans. Another 1. 8 percent financed the building of roads and large public works, paying workers regular wages. To offset the lost income of farm owners, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) used 1. The majority of loans went to farmers for mortgages and crop loans or to the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) to purchase troubled mortgages and refinance them. To gauge the impact of these New Deal programs, we compiled and digitized panel data sets for cities, counties, and states from a variety of sources. Many of the datasets used in the published papers can be found at my website at the University of Arizona (https: //econ. New data sets will continue to be posted there as we publish papers that use them. We analyze the data using the econometric methods developed for panel data sets with multiple observations for each location. The analysis usually identifies the impact of a particular New Deal program by focusing on changes over time within the same locations while holding constant changes at the national level, such as changes in the money supply or in national regulations that vary from year to year. In some cases the identification comes from deviations from time trends within the same locations while controlling for the national changes. In nearly every setting, we need to deal with feedback effects from the economy to the New Deal policies, and with potential inability to control for relevant factors that are correlated with the New Deal policy as well as the outcome being studied. We have therefore used a variety of instrumental variable techniques that tighten the focus of the analysis on aspects of each New Deal policy that are not correlated with the outcome variable of interest. A number of ideas for instruments have come from the political economy literature on the distribution of New Deal funds. The latest research in that literature was presented at two New Deal conferences sponsored by the NBER and the Bradley Foundation. A number of papers from the conferences on a variety of aspects of the New Deal were published in a special issue of Explorations in Economic History in October 2. The fiscal stimulus package of 2. I worked with several people to compile annual evidence on federal funds distributed to each state for over 5. Valentina Kachanovskaya and I then used the panel to estimate the multiplier for federal funds at the state level using several definitions of federal funding. Except for AAA payments, the multiplier estimates ranged between 0. We typically could not reject the hypothesis that the multiplier was one. A multiplier of one means that an additional dollar of federal funding distributed to the state was associated with a rise in state income of one dollar. Some of that money was spent on consumer durables like automobiles; we found that an additional dollar of federal funds was associated with a rise in the value of car registrations of about 1. Public Works and Relief Spending. The form of federal spending during the 1. The public works and relief programs generally raised economic activity, but the AAA farm payments had conflicting effects. In the state multiplier study, public works and relief grants had the highest multipliers, ranging from 0. Several other studies also show positive effects on other socioeconomic outcomes. Counties with more public works and relief spending had higher growth in retail sales per capita during the 1. The inflows of new migrants had mixed effects on the welfare of the existing population because the inflow was associated with shorter work weeks, more difficulties in obtaining relief when unemployed, and some out- migration. Relief spending reduced crime rates and many death rates. A 1. 0 percent increase in work relief spending was associated with a 1. An increase in private employment was even better because a 1. Meanwhile, our estimates suggest that an additional $2 million of relief spending, measured in the prices of year 2. The Effects of the New Deal ONE AMERICAN’S STORY. The Depression and the New Deal had many long-term effects on U.S. Several of FDR’s New Deal programs continue to help.Such spending would also lead to an increase in the birth rate back to its long- term trend. Old age assistance, on the other hand, did not reduce the death rates of the elderly, possibly because it largely replaced payments in regular programs. Relief spending had weak and sometimes negative effects on measures of private employment. Valentina Kachanovskaya and I find that additional federal spending in a state had a negative effect on private employment. THE NEW DEAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS The New Deal wasn. In a study of monthly panel data for cities, Todd Neumann, Kantor and I find small positive effects of relief spending on private employment before 1. The lack of strong positive employment effects of the relief grants may be one reason why the unemployment rate failed to fall below 1. AAA Farm Program. The New Deal introduced modern farm subsidies. AAA payments to farmers to take land out of production had conflicting effects. In the cross- state study of multipliers, an additional dollar of AAA payments was associated with an increase in personal income of at most 1. The AAA mostly aided landowners, particularly large landowners, by paying them to take land out of production, but this came at the expense of many farm workers. In a paper that was presented at two recent NBER New Deal conferences, Briggs Depew, Paul Rhode, and I find that the AAA led to sharp drops in the employment of white and black farm laborers, sharecroppers, and tenants. These mixed effects are also found in our earlier studies. AAA grants had slight negative effects on retail sales per capita and on net migration. Mortgage Policies. During both the 1. The New Deal sought to solve the mortgage crisis by creating the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC). I worked with Jonathan Rose and Kenneth Snowden to examine the operations and impact of the HOLC. We expanded upon earlier NBER- sponsored research by C. Lowell Harriss. 1. The HOLC issued bonds, which they used to purchase from lenders over a million nonfarm mortgages in which the borrowers were in trouble through no fault of their own. They then refinanced the mortgages for the borrowers. At its peak, the HOLC held mortgages on roughly 1. America. The HOLC came close to fully replacing toxic mortgages on lenders' books because it often paid prices that covered the principal owed, interest owed, and taxes paid by the lender. When the loan was refinanced, the HOLC used the amount paid to the lender as the basis of the refinanced loan; therefore, the borrowers did not get a break on the amount owed. Borrowers benefitted because the HOLC refinanced at a low interest rate, lengthened the period of the loan, and used a modern, direct- reduction loan contract where each loan payment immediately retired part of the principal owed. They also benefitted because the HOLC was very slow to foreclose, often waiting through more than 1. Even so, the agency ended up foreclosing on 2. The HOLC benefitted from a federal guarantee on its bonds, which allowed it to issue bonds at low interest rates and to practice its patient foreclosure policy. The ex ante risk for the HOLC probably implies a federal subsidy of 2. After the HOLC closed down its operations in 1. World War II. The HOLC also had positive effects on housing markets, helping to stave off further declines in home prices and home ownership rates after 1. In smaller counties throughout the U. S., we estimate that the HOLC prevented housing prices from dropping another 1. The New Deal led to a huge expansion of government activity in a wide variety of sectors at all levels of government, and I can only cover part of the research that we have performed here. Our ongoing research is focused on four areas of the New Deal: more in- depth work on the impact of the farm spending and lending programs,1. Great Depression and the New Deal, and further research on the boom and bust in housing and mortgage markets, which is one of the subjects addressed in a NBER conference volume on the economic history of housing. Price Fishback is the Thomas R. Brown Professor of Economics at the University of Arizona and a Research Associate in the NBER's Development of the American Economy Program. Monetary and Fiscal Policy in the 1.
0 Comments
Windows 8 Quick Reference / Cheat Sheet Created Date: 1/28/2016 2:22:10 PM. Adobe FrameMaker Software Instructions Manuals. To download a user guide. All our user guides are for PDF format. Ways Unstructured Frame. Maker 1. 0 helps Translation. February 0. 3, 2. Any one of over 2. Frame. Maker 1. 0 could tempt. In this. blog we focus on a handful of features that will have significant. Frame. Maker documents destined for translation. Our next blog will. Frame. Maker 1. 0 benefits to structured, XML/DITA publishers. In multilingual projects, it is often the . A number of what might be considered. Managing Styles in Paragraph, Character and Table Catalogs. Frame. Maker 1. 0Although Frame. Maker has always demonstrated. Frame. Maker 1. 0 introduces an option button in all catalogs which. You may: Display all styles, with styles in use displayed first (styles. Show only styles that are in use. Show only unused styles. Customize a list, showing only the styles you wish, or changing. This led to many odd workarounds, like. This last option is. When. you import from the document, you will no longer bring in the host. Frame. Maker 1. 0 also introduces a dedicated. Table catalog to display Table styles. This eliminates the. Table Designer, (b) Scrolling through the pull- down list of named. Managing format overrides with Frame. Maker 1. 0Many other Frame. Maker 1. 0 reviews have swept the improved ability. This feature will be particularly useful in . The Find/Change menu now has the. Paragraph Format Overrides. HP Records Manager (HPRM 8.1) Web Client Classic User Guide DOC/14/1652 User Guide With Windows 8.1 Published: June 2015 Version 2.0. Meet Surface 3, the tablet that can replace your laptop. Use this guide to get started with your. Page 8 Skype Connect User Guide For more technical information on Skype Connect and advice on how to prepare your. Page 9 Skype Connect User Guide. ImagistikViewer8 user guide - Informatik Inc. Surface Pro 3 User Guide With Windows 8.1 Pro Published: June 2014 Version 1.0 . Surface Pro 3 is the tablet that can replace your laptop. Connect to a broad variety of accessories, printers. Character Format Overrides and Table. Format Overrides. In the example shown below, a search for. Character Format Override has located an item in a bulleted list. In this case, clicking on Change will. Suppress unwanted alerts when opening Frame. Maker 1. 0. documents. This may sound like removal of a minor nuisance factor, but it. Previous releases of Frame. Maker. pause with pop- up warnings for (a) missing fonts, (b) that you were. Frame. Maker or (c). In the translation. Your own. staff and desktop publishers at your translation company may have. It is also common for one member of the translation agency. DTP team to have to temporarily edit files which have missing. In cases like this. Now a simple setting under. Real time spell checker helpful in translated Frame. Maker 1. 0. documents. As with Microsoft Word, a. When Frame. Maker documents are translated, a Frame. Maker. template is usually applied that makes paragraph font or style. Language- specific Frame. Maker templates can. This will. make wavy lines appear under suspect words that are not in the. This is not a panacea for translation, as there will often be. Frame. Maker language spell checker (they can be added); but, this. Drag n' Drop editing and automated scripting to eliminate. Frame. Maker 1. 0Drag n' Drop editing sounds like an . Being able to do this in one step (vs. The benefits are magnified by the. LSP) is. delivering to you. Adobe Extend. Script allows you to automate. You may create your own. The limitation was. Now that Extend. Script is bundled into. Frame. Maker, scripting will go into wider use. We may also see. community- based scripts spread through social networking and become. Frame. Maker forums. Frame. Maker 1. 0's background text color (highlighter)Another . User defined colors may. Though infrequently. Frame. Maker documents (a future blog may cover. Unfortunately. tabs do not display the background color, so there is no way to. Single cell tables will still be the workaround for this. Extended rich media support and . The list of supported formats has been. Quick. Time and video. Also, the publisher or author may import a. SWF file from Captivate) will. How does this help translation projects? Many users are. continuing to author technical documents and user guides in a. Now. the number of graphics and page count can be considerably reduce by. Due to the proliferation of. Collaborative review through enhanced import of PDF comments. Frame. Maker 1. 0The importation of comments from PDF files into Frame. Maker has. been considerably improved. In Frame. Maker 1. Frame. Maker in a manner that resembles their. For example, deletions default as . This will eliminate a. Also, when. your cursor is inserted in an imported comment, the reviewer's. The comment highlighter in Acrobat or Acrobat reader will create. Up until now, many. Asian languages have tried to use the . It is often not evident which a range of Asian. Now linguistic reviewers. Acrobat or Acrobat. Incidentally, the edits shown in the screen capture above may be. Acrobat Reader; the linguistic review. Acrobat license. The screen capture below shows the improved, more logical. Frame. Maker. 1. 0. Summary. We have certainly not touched on all new functionality. Frame. Maker 1. 0. There are many more exciting features that make. Our next blog will cover specific product enhancements. XML and DITA more productive in a. For a full overview of all new Frame. Maker 1. 0 features. Adobe Frame. Maker 1. Adobe Frame. Maker Server 1. Reviewer's. Guide, produced by Adobe. This 7. 9 page guide includes dozens of. Captivate demos. Be sure to also check out. Frame. Maker. channel on ADOBE TV. More resources regarding Frame. Maker and multilingual DTPGlobalization Partners International the language translation. Frame. Maker projects. You may wish to review common steps. GPI DTP projects in. Multilingual Desktop Publishing. We also have published two. Frame. Maker, 1. 0. Frame. Maker mistakes in translated docs: Part 1 and 1. Frame. Maker mistakes in translated docs. Part 2. You may contact GPI at info@globalizationpartners. Frame. Maker. and your project goals. You may also request a complimentary Translation. Quote for your project as well. Category: Document Translation. Tags: Adobe, Frame. Maker, DTP, translation, localization, technical. More Things to Avoid Before Translating Word Documents. Ways Structured Frame. Maker 1. 0 helps Translation. Small, Rural School Achievement Program. Small, Rural School Achievement Program. Program Office: Office of School Support and Rural Programs. CFDA Number: 8. 4. AProgram Type: Formula Grants. Also Known As: Small Rural School Grants, Rural Education Achievement Program, REAPThe purpose of this program is to provide financial assistance to rural districts to assist them in meeting their state's definition of adequate yearly progress (AYP). Applicants do not compete but rather are entitled to funds if they meet basic eligibility requirements. Eligibility is restricted by statute. Awards are issued annually directly to eligible LEAs on a formula basis. Recipients may use program funds to conduct activities under the following ESEA programs: Title I, Part A (Improving the Academic Achievement of the Disadvantaged); Title II, Part A (Improving Teacher Quality State Grants, # 8. Learn how to become a Small Engine Mechanic online. Start the online Small Engine Repair training course at Penn Foster Career School today! About Air Force Small Business Who We Are Leadership Small Business Continuous Process. THE AIR FORCE OFFICE OF SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS IS ATTUNED TO SMALL. Title II, Part D (Educational Technology State Grants, # 8. Title III (Language Instruction for Limited English Proficient and Immigrant Students); Title IV, Part A (Safe and Drug- Free Schools and Communities); Title IV, Part B (2. Century Community Learning Centers, # 8. Title V, Part A (State Grants for Innovative Programs). C++ Tutorial: Small Programs. Small PHP program, just learning. Garrett85 Member Posts: 168. September 2009 in PHP. In the following code I'M getting a strange output. The browser is displaying a. Our payroll for small business software also supports user-defined Income, Tax, and Pre-tax / Post-tax Deduction categories making it very flexible and powerful. The Small Farm Outreach Program provides a wide range of outreach and assistance activities in production. Educational programs are offered free of charge. 5 Great Free Small Business Software Options. MSE is available for small businesses with up to 10 PCs.
Social and Emotional Learning Challenge. The SEL practices that were the focus of the Challenge were organized around adolescent skill growth in six areas: emotion management, empathy, teamwork, responsibility, initiative, and problem solving. The Field Guide presents 3. SEL practice and four additional curriculum features. Each practice indicator is accompanied by multiple real- world examples. Case studies are also presented for each of the eight exemplary programs. There are several points of entry for learning more about the SEL Challenge and the standards for SEL practice: Later this spring the technical report and supports for a range of SEL measures will be available from the Weikart Center. Social Emotional Learning Discover our collection of resources on social and emotional learning for children, tweens and teens. Social & Emotional Learning (SEL) Social and Emotional Learning 'is a process for helping children and adults develop the fundamental skills for success in life. Over the next year, three in- depth trainings on SEL Practices will be added to the Weikart Center’s Youth Work Methods training content, as well as automated performance reporting capacity on the Online Scores Reporter. How do I move forward. The Field Guide, Preparing Youth to Thrive: Promising Practice for Social and Emotional Learning is available for free download at SELpractices. Store. cypq. org. Visit SELpractices. SEL. Use the SEL Strengths Builder Method to reflect on how well your program supports the growth and development of youth’s Social and emotional skills. The Strengths Builder content is available at SELpractices. Read the SEL Challenge Technical Report and guidance on the use of SEL Measures. Both are available for download at SELpractices. Technical Report available March 1. The Individual Designs pathway includes light training and technical assistance focused on bringing teams at one or more program sites through a professional learning experience focused on SEL curriculum design and implementation. Read guidance on implementation here. Order an SEL Challenge Box Set at Store. This box set includes both hard copy materials sent to the user and a set of online and phone supports to improve or strengthen your program’s focus on social and emotional learning. Social and Emotional Learning First: Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) is a process for helping children and adults develop fundamental skills for life effectiveness. 2013 CASEL guidE Effective Social and Emotional Learning Programs Preschool and Elementary School Edition. The 4Rs Program (Reading, Writing, Respect & Resolution) integrates social and emotional learning (SEL) and the language arts for pre-kindergarten to middle school. Host a Push SEL Practice workshop for your program. This training is ideal as an introduction to SEL for program staff and leaders. It can be a first step to launching an SEL initiative, and is designed to have participants: Familiarize themselves with the content of the Field Guide with an intensive focus on up to two of the six domains that resonate most with their program goals; Assess their current or planned curriculum design(s) by comparing their SEL curriculum against the standards and case studies; Assess their implementation of SEL practice standards; Reflect on how to integrate SEL into their continuous improvement approach. It is designed to: The Weikart Center specializes in building quality improvement systems at scale and these systems can include a focus on SEL practices and skills. To learn more about system designs, reach out to us here. Ask about: Extending/updating your QIS with the Strengths Builder, SEL measures and/or Push SEL Practice workshops; See a logic model of a QIS/YPQQI focused on SEL here. Piloting an SEL Challenge with a group of sites using the SEL Challenge Box Set to guide a learning community. In winter 2. 01. 6, three new Youth Work Methods Guidebooks will be available, with an SEL update certification for the Youth Work Methods Training of Trainers. Social Emotional Learning Programs In Elementary SchoolsThe methods are: Stronger Together – Empathy and Teamwork. Individual Goals and Roles – Initiative and Responsibility. Engaging Executive Function – Emotion Management and Problem Solving. Both are available for download at SELpractices. Social Emotional Learning Programs For High School StudentsTechnical Report available in March. About Social and Emotional Skills. WHAT IS SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL LEARNING (SEL)? The Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL) defines SEL as “the process through which children and adults acquire and effectively apply the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary to understand and manage emotions, set and achieve positive goals, feel and show empathy for others, establish and maintain positive relationships, and make responsible decisions.” In the SEL Challenge, we focused on describing the practices that experts use to help vulnerable adolescents grow social and emotional skills in out- of- school time programs. WHAT ARE OUT- OF- SCHOOL (OST) TIME PROGRAMS? The term out- of- school time is used to refer to settings variously labeled afterschool, expanded learning, extracurricular clubs, summer camps, and sports; many mentoring, tutoring, apprenticeship, and workforce development programs; programs for disconnected and homeless youth; and some alternative schools. OST programs are not the only settings where social and emotional skills can be learned, but they are well suited for this purpose. WHY DO SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL SKILLS MATTER IN OST PROGRAMS FOR VULNERABLE ADOLESCENTS? Research has linked social and emotional skills to success in school and the workforce and overall wellbeing. While these skills can be taught and learned, too many youth today aren’t getting exposure to the learning and experiences they need to develop them—especially disadvantaged youth. OST programs provide youth a perfect opportunity to learn and apply these skills. Our SEL Challenge partner, Susan Crown Exchange (SCE), is a social investment organization that connects talent and innovation with market forces to drive social change. PROGRAM PERCEPATAN PEMBANGUNAN SANITASI PERMUKIMAN (PPSP) WILAYAH BARAT TAHUN 2010. Kegiatan Roadshow Program Percepatan Pembangunan Sanitasi Permukiman ini diselenggarakan oleh Tim Teknis Pembangunan Sanitasi (TTPS) Nasional. Guna mendukung pelaksanaan Program Percepatan Pembangunan Sanitasi Permukiman (PPSP), PIU-Kelembagaan dan Pendanaan (PIU-KP, Kemendagri) telah menerbitkan dua buku pedoman sebagai acuan bagi Pokja Provinsi, yaitu : Pedoman. Percepatan Pembangunan Sanitasi Permukiman (PPSP) adalah sebuah roadmap pembangunan sanitasi di Indonesia. Program ini digagas oleh Tim Teknis Pembangunan Sanitasi (TTPS) dengan mempromosikan strategi sanitasi kota (SSK. Program percepatan pembangunan sanitasi permukiman kab. Dalam rangka mendukung pelaksanaan Program Percepatan Pembangunan Sanitasi Permukiman (PPSP) Tahun 2015, Direktorat Pengembangan Penyehatan Lingkungan Permukiman (PPLP), Direktorat Jenderal Cipta Karya, Kementerian Pekerjaan. PROGRAM PERCEPATAN PEMBANGUNAN SANITASI PERMUKIMAN. POKJA SANITASI KABUPATEN OGAN ILIR Pengelolaan Persampahan berbasis Masyarakat pada Kecamatan Indralaya – Kabupaten Ogan Ilir Judul Proposal ”Pengelolaan Persampahan. Percepatan Pembangunan Sanitasi Permukiman (PPSP)Get the full title to continue reading from where you left off, or restart the preview. Kebijakan dan Strategi Program PPSP. Status dan Progress Program PPSP from infosanitasi. Tinjauan Strategi Sanitasi Kab/Kota (SSK) dan Pelaksanaan Program Percepatan Pembangunan Sanitasi Permukiman (PPSP) from infosanitasi. Sasaran lokasi Percepatan Pembangunan Sanitasi Perkotaan adalah. Road Map Program Percepatan Pembangunan Sanitasi Permukiman. Roadmap program percepatan pembangunan sanitasi permukiman ppsp from Joy Irman. Ii program percepatan pembangunan sanitasi permukiman (ppsp) tahun 2014 strategi sanitasi kabupaten kutai kartanegara provinsi kalimantan timur disusun oleh pokja ppsp kabupaten kutai kartanegara. Program Percepatan Pembangunan Sanitasi Pemukiman Kabupaten Rejang Lebong Propinsi Bengkulu. Opsi Teknologi: Air Limbah . Lima pilar STBM (Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat) diterapkan dengan baik di sekolah ini. Sistem pengelolaan air limbah antara lain diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. Pengembangan. Dengan mengacu berbagai referensi lain, sistem pengelolaan air limbah dapat. Biasanya dibuat dari porselin dan diproduksi massal (buatan pabrik). Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (++)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (o)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (++)Komunal : (++)Publik : (++)1. WC SENTOR DUDUKWC sentor duduk biasanya dibuat dari porselin dan diproduksi massal (buatan pabrik). WC sentor duduk terdiri atas tangki air yang menyediakan air untuk penggelontor dan mangkuk penerima tinja. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (++)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (o)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (++)Komunal : (++)Publik : (++)1. BAK PERANGKAP LEMAKBak perangkap lemak adalah bak kontrol yang dibangun dari pasangan batu bata kedap air. Dilengkapi pipa masuk (inlet) dan keluar (outlet) yang pipanya diberi lubang- lubang, berfungsi memisahkan lemak dan sampah dari grey water. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (++)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (o)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (++)Komunal : (++)Publik : (++)PENAMPUNGAN, PENGALIRAN DAN PENGELOLAAN SISTEM SETEMPAT1. MCK UMUMMCK (Mandi Cuci Kakus) adalah bangunan sanitasi yang ditujukan untuk umum. Pengelolaan MCK ditangani oleh masyarakat sendiri, yang dapat melayani 2. Biaya operasinya didapat dari pemungutan iuran pemakaian MCK yang ditetapkan atas kesepakatan bersama. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (o)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (o)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (o)Komunal : (++)Publik : (+)1. TANGKI SEPTIKTangki Septik adalah bak kedap air yang terbuat dari beton, fibreglass, PVC atau plastik, untuk penampungan dan pengolahan black water dan grey water. Merupakan tangki pengendapan dan proses anaerobik untuk mengurangi padatan dan material organik. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (++)Lingkungan : (+)Kota : (o)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (++)Komunal : (+)Publik : (o)1. FILTER ANAEROBIK (BIO- FILTER)Filter Anaerobik adalah bak kedap air yang terbuat dari beton, fibreglass, PVC atau plastik, untuk penampungan dan pengolahan black water dan grey water. Ini adalah tangki pengendapan, dan proses anaerobik membantu mengurangi padatan serta material organik. Tetapi pengolahannya hanya moderat. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (++)Lingkungan : (+)Kota : (o)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (++)Komunal : (+)Publik : (o)1. ANAEROBIC BAFFLED REACTORAnaerobic Baffled Reactor adalah teknologi tangki septik yang lebih maju. Deretan dinding penyekatnya memaksa air limbah mengalir melewatinya. Pengolahan jadi lebih baik karena adanya peningkatan waktu kontak dengan biomassa aktif. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (o)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (o)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (o)Komunal : (++)Publik : (++)1. CONSTRUCTED WETLANDConstructed Wetland (aliran horizontal di bawah permukaan) adalah saluran yang diisi pasir dan kerikil, yang ditanami vegetasi air. Air limbah mengalir horizontal melalui saluran berisi material penyaring yang berfungsi menguraikan zat organik. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (+)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (o)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (+)Komunal : (++)Publik : (++)1. BIDANG RESAPANBidang resapan adalah jaringan pipa berlubang yang diletakkan di dalam parit bawah tanah berisi kerikil. Fungsinya untuk membuang air limbah yang keluar dari sistem on- site atau pengolahan off- site (terpusat). Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (+)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (o)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (+)Komunal : (++)Publik : (++)1. SUMUR RESAPANSumur resapan adalah bak tertutup dengan dinding porus, yang memungkinkan air merembes ke dalam tanah. Efluen dari pengolahan semi atau sentralisasi dialirkan ke bak di bawah tanah, yang kemudian merembes ke dalam tanah di sekitarnya. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (++)Lingkungan : (o)Kota : (o)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (++)Komunal : (o)Publik : (o)1. TRUK PENYEDOT TINJATruk Penyedot tinja mengacu pada vacuum truck atau kendaraan lain, yang dilengkapi pompa dan tangki untuk menguras dan mengangkut lumpur tinja, lumpur tangki septik dan urine. Tenaga manusia diperlukan untuk mengoperasikan pompa dan menggerakkan selang hisap. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (++)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (++)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (o)Komunal : (+)Publik : (++)1. ANAEROBIC BIOGAS REACTORAnaerobic Biogas Reactor (ABR) adalah teknologi pengolahan anaerobik yang menghasilkan: (a) lumpur tercerna yang dipakai untuk perbaikan tanah, dan (b) biogas yang dipakai untuk energi. Biogas adalah campuran metana, karbon dioksida dan gas ikutan lainnya, yang dengan mudah dapat diubah menjadienergi listrik, penerangan dan panas. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (+)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (o)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (+)Komunal : (++)Publik : (++)1. INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN LUMPUR TINJA (IPLT)IPAL yang efektif dan efisien itu dapat dilakukan dengan menggabungkanberbagai sistem pengolahan air limbah. Gabungan atau kombinasi dari beberapa sistem menjadikannya tepat guna untukkota kecil hingga kota sedang di Indonesia, sebagaimana dipaparkan berikut: 1. Sistem kolam (kolam anaerobik, fakultatif, dan kolam maturasi yang dipasang secara seri)2. Pengolahan pendahuluan + filter anaerobik (seperti sistem dewat)3. Pengolahan pendahuluan + trickling filters. Pengolahan pendahuluan + RBC5. UASB + trickling filters. UASB + lumpur aktif. PENAMPUNGAN DAN PENGALIRAN SISTEM TERPUSAT1. TANGKI INTERSEPTORTangki Interseptor adalah Bak Kontrol yang dibangun dari beton, atau pasangan batu bata kedap air. Fungsinya untuk memisahkan padatan lumpur tinja dan sampah, supaya tidak masuk ke saluran perpipaan air limbah sistim komunal atau terpusat. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (++)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (o)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (++)Komunal : (++)Publik : (++)1. SALURAN LIMBAH BEBAS ZAT PADAT (SMALL BORE)Saluran limbah bebas zat padat (small- bore) adalah sebuah jaringan perpipaan air limbah. Fungsinya menyalurkan air limbah yang sudah dipisahkan zat padatnya, atau dari pengolahan pendahuluan (efluen dari tangki septik) ke fasilitas pengolahan berikutnya, bisa juga ke tempat pembuangan tertentu. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (o)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (+)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (o)Komunal : (++)Publik : (++)1. SALURAN LIMBAH CONDOMINIALSaluran limbah kondominial (simplified sewer) adalah sebuah jaringan perpipaan air limbah yang dibangun memakai diameter pipa kecil. Pipa ditanam pada kedalaman yang lebih dangkal dan kemiringan yang kecil dibanding saluran limbah konvensional. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (o)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (+)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (o)Komunal : (++)Publik : (++)1. SISTEM LIMBAH KONVENSIONALSaluran limbah konvensional (conventional gravity) adalah jaringan pipa bawah tanah yang besar. Saluran ini mengangkut black water, grey water dan air hujan dari sumbernya (rumahtangga, komersial, dan lain- lain.) ke fasilitas pengolahan terpusat, dengan memakai gaya gravitasi (dan pompa jika perlu). Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (o)Lingkungan : (+)Kota : (++)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (o)Komunal : (+)Publik : (++)PENGOLAHAN AKHIR SISTEM TERPUSAT1. TANGKI IMHOFFTangki Imhoff dikembangkan untuk memperbaiki dua kekurangan utama dari tangki septik. Tangki Imhoff mencegah padatan yang keluar dari saluran agar tidak tercampur lagi, tapi memungkinkan padatan terurai dalam unit yang sama. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (o)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (+)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (+)Komunal : (++)Publik : (++)1. KOLAM STABILISASIKolam Stabilisasi adalah salah satu metode pengolahan air limbah secara alami. Kolam Stabilisasi adalah kolam tanah buatan yang terdiri dari serangkaian kolam anaerobik, fakultatif, dan kolam maturasi. Kolam ini tergantung kualitas air limbah yang disyaratkan. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (o)Lingkungan : (o)Kota : (++)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (o)Komunal : (o)Publik : (++)1. ANAEROBIC BAFFLED REACTORAnaerobic Baffled Reactor adalah teknologi tangki septik yang lebih maju. Deretan dinding penyekatnya memaksa air limbah mengalir melewatinya. Pengolahan jadi lebih baik karena adanya peningkatan waktu kontak dengan biomassa aktif. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (o)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (o)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (o)Komunal : (++)Publik : (++)1. UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB)Reaktor UASB adalah sebuah tangki proses tunggal, di mana air limbah masuk ke reaktor dari dasar dan mengalir ke atas. Saringan sludge blanket tersuspensi mengolah air limbah yang mengalir melewatinya. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (o)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (++)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (o)Komunal : (++)Publik : (++)1. ACTIVATED SLUDGE (LUMPUR AKTIF)Activated Sludge adalah sebuah rangkaian bak reaktor yang menggunakan mikroorganisme aerobik, untuk menguraikan zat organik dalam air limbah dan menghasilkan kualitas efluen yang baik. Untuk memelihara kondisi aerobik dan biomassa aktif konstan, maka diperlukan penyediaan oksigen yang tepat. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (o)Lingkungan : (+)Kota : (++)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (o)Komunal : (o)Publik : (++)1. ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR (RBC)Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) adalah sebuah serial piringan lingkaran yang diputar secara perlahan pada ruangan yang dialiri air limbah, sehingga piringan tenggelam setengah bagian. Piringan dapat dibuat dari bahan polystyrene atau polyvinyl chloride atau polypropylene. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (o)Lingkungan : (+)Kota : (++)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (o)Komunal : (++)Publik : (++)1. TRICKLING FILTERTrickling Filter adalah lapisan tetap filter biologis yang beroperasi di bawah (hampir) keadaan aerobik. Air limbah dari bak pengendap pendahuluan disebar/ disemprotkan di atas filter. Air bergerak melalui pori- pori filter, lalu zat organik diuraikan oleh biomassa yang menempel pada material filter. Tingkat Aplikasi. Rumah Tangga : (o)Lingkungan : (++)Kota : (++)Tingkat Pengelola. Individual : (o)Komunal : (++)Publik : (++)1. Best Management Practices for Municipal Water Providers. The Complete Guide: BMPs for Municipal Water Providers. Introduction to BMPs for Municipal Water Providers. Workforce policy and guidance issued through comprehensive guides, Workforce Development Letters, and Technical Assistance Bulletins. Texas Counseling Association.
Ce magazine sunt deschise de Paste. Principalele magazine vor fi inchise in ziua de Paste. Exceptie fac unele hipermarketuri din malluri (Auchan din AFI Cotroceni si Mega Image Mall Bucuresti). Sursa. Mall- uri. AFI Palace Cotroceni. Plaza Romania. 11 aprilie 2. Program: Monday to Sunday 10:00-22:00. Program de lucru cu publicul. Adresa Vodafone - Unirea Shopping Center; Poze. Magazin 'Unirea' Shopping Center Bucure. Pe 1 Mai, Unirea are program normal. In data de 4 mai, magazinul se inchide la ora 20.00 iar pe 5 mai este inchis intreaga zi. Anunta-ma cand cineva comenteaza articolul 'Ce program au mallurile din Bucuresti de Paste si 1 Mai'. Introduceti codul din poza. Unirea Shopping Center Location Bucharest, Romania Opening date 1976 Owner Nova Trade No. Opened in 1976 and enlarged in 1989, it was the largest department store in Communist Romania. Majoritatea magazinelor care nu au avut program duminic. Datele de mai jos sunt informative, iar Trebuie sa-l cunoasteti pe Z! Facebook Email or Phone Password. Unirea Shopping Center Et. 3 Central See more Z Magazin Pt Copii added 2 new photos. Programul de sarbatori al marilor magazine / 24 decembrie 2010 – 2 ianuarie 2011 24 decembrie, 2010 Sarbatori SELGROS 24 decembrie / 6:00-16:00 25 decembrie / inchis. Magazine Flanco Bucuresti Unirea Flanco - BUCURESTI UNIREA . Promenada Mall. 11 aprilie 2. Sursa. Baneasa Shopping City. Aplicabil doar pentru cafenele Baneasa Shopping City, Food Court Baneasa Shopping City – Parter si Grand Play. Unirea Shopping Center. Sun Plaza. 11 aprilie 2. Program supermarketuri si hipermarketuri 1. Carrefour - 0. 8: 0. Profi: 0. 8: 0. 0 - 1. Mega Image: 0. 8: 0. Billa: 0. 7: 0. 0 - 2. Kaufland: 0. 7: 0. Cora: 0. 8: 0. 0 - 1. Sursa. Program supermarketuri si hipermarketuri 1. Auchan din AFI Cotroceni: 1. Mega Image Mall Bucuresti: 1. Restul supermarketurilor si hipermarketurilor vor fi inchise in ziua de 1. Lidl va fi inchis si luni, 1. Przewodnik turystyczny po Rzymie. Generalnie nie zaleca si. Najfajniejsze lokale wraz z cenami potraw znale Jurek Sawko - licencjonowany przewodnik turystyczny w Rzymie, Watykanie i ca. Propozycje tras zwiedzania, ceny, wydarzenia kulturalne. Jestem licencjonowanym przewodnikiem miejskim w Rzymie, Watykanie i w ca Rzym to magiczne przenikanie si. Schody, Bazylika Matki Boskiej Wi. Lecz Rzym urzeka nie tylko swoim umi. Praktyczny Przewodnik Turystyczny po W. Rzym - docelowo to praktyczny przewodnik internetowy, kt HOME; Tutaj powstaje nowa strona, a w mi. Wszelkie prawa zastrze Rzym - to Koloseum i Kaplica Syksty. Licencjonowani przewodnicy oprowadzaj Plik Rzym i Watykan Przewodnik i mapy.pdf na koncie u Thus the Narconon program is a social education life skills model of rehabilitation. Find out more about the Narconon drug rehab: Persons enrolling in the program must receive full medical physicals, an M. D. However, Narconon clients are not considered or treated as . This is an important distinction. A Narconon student does not enroll to recover from an . He addresses the disability caused by drug use with new abilities, new skills for life. Narconon staff prepare graduating students with . But the full Narconon drug rehabilitation program is intended to produce graduates who can stand on their own feet and live drug- free, ethical lives thereafter. A Narconon graduate does not go to weekly meetings for months after completion, nor does he describe himself as . The premise of the Narconon model is that a former addict can learn to take personal responsibility for his life and become again an ethical, contributing member of society. This goal applies (and is routinely achieved) whether the program is delivered in a free- standing center, daily after work, or even in prison. Once well, if he uses the tools he has practiced and learned to use at a Narconon center, a Narconon graduate can stay well. This is not theoretical. Learn how much drug and alcohol rehab costs. How Much Does Rehab Cost? A good way to look at the cost of an inpatient rehab program is in terms of the. Our Florida long-term drug treatment program at Ocean Breeze Recovery. Adding Up the Cost: Drug. Addiction Recovery Choice helps you find & choose the best drug rehab. From understanding basic facts about specific substances to identifying the program. Cost of Drug and Alcohol Rehab. The exact cost of detox depends on whether it’s part of an inpatient program and the type of drug.How Much Does Drug Rehab Cost in Florida? Whether you choose to use an inpatient or outpatient drug rehab program will be the biggest determining factor in how. The Narconon drug rehabilitation program is a drug-free method of addressing drug abuse and. A drug-free withdrawal and drug rehab program for adults and. Narconon Australia Drug Rehab is a residential treatment center for drug addiction and alcoholism which uses the Narconon Program treatment modalities. UnitedHealthcare Insurance Covers Drug Rehab At Waters Edge Recovery. How Much Should Inpatient Rehab Cost? Women’s Rehab Program. There are four decades of graduates who will swear by it. If graduates do run into serious difficulties, they return to their Narconon center where they inevitably find a specific part of the program that they earlier failed to fully understand and therefore could not apply in the travails of daily life. But the majority get it the first time through. The Narconon program takes four to six months. During this time, some might consider the Narconon program a . As soon as an addict can feel healthier and more competent mentally and physically without drugs than he does on drugs, he ceases to require drugs. Ron Hubbard. A Narconon Program Graduate is someone. Who has completed the Narconon drug rehabilitation program; Who knows he is, in fact, capable of living a drug- free life thereafter; Who has improved his or her ability to learn and thus can accept new ideas on how to change life for the better; Who has personally absorbed the fundamentals of ethics and morality well enough that he or she can be productive and contributive to society and will have no further troubles with the justice system; Who knows how to solve the problems of life in a rational manner to the best of his ability, without the use of mind- altering drugs. Each Narconon program graduate is expected, no matter the severity of his or her earlier life experience, to achieve and to live a stably drug- free, ethical life, one for one. There is no such thing as a . Even if life has dealt one a bad hand of cards, the road out is through personal recognition of responsibility for one. Ron Hubbard Library for permission to reproduce selections from the copyrighted works of L. Ron Hubbard. See also: Drug Free Withdrawal . For Good. Get Help Now. CALL. 1- 8. 00- 7.
Program cinema - Bucuresti - Toate cinematografele. Miniseria de sketchuri . Azi, episodul 2de Gloria Sauciuc . Catalogul online TCM vine cu mai multe oferte de Paste. Astfel, puteti cumpara bormasina cu percutie 9. W la 1. 39 lei, matura electrica cu acumulator la 6. Turbo Power la 8. Bjornson la 1. 99 lei, camasi de noapte si pijamale de la 3. Mai multe informatii / Legaturi utile: Catalog TCM. TCM din Bucuresti: nr telefon, adresa, harta, poze, pareri ale clientilor si multe alte detalii specifice. Program TV, Acum la Tv, Ghidul filmelor de la TV Prima pagina; Stiri TV; Newsletter; Vedete Emisiuni. VREMEA: Vremea in Bucuresti Tehnologia Constructiilor de Masini, Bucuresti, Romania. Tehnologia Constructiilor de Masini (TCM). |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
December 2016
Categories |